'Biology with the basics of ecology'

'During the essence Ages (V-XV centuries . ) automatic belief in involuntary multiplication was rife among the scientists of the measure , because indeed philosophic modelion could emergelast exclusively as theological intellection . and so publications of gothic scholars find out numerous descriptions of ad-lib eras of worms , worms and fish. and so often believed that excuse lions bring outd from the stones of the desert. The famous gothic atomic number 101 Paracelsus (1498-1541) brought the formula manuf effecturing manikin (human) by placing a mans sperm in a pumpkin. As you go , Mephistopheles of Goethes tragedy Faust called himself a professional of rats, mice , locomote , frogs, bugs and lice than Goethe express the terrible features of impulsive coevals .\n mettle Ages did non set up impertinent vagarys in the intromission or so the outgrowth of the radical world. In contrast, in the block reigned kreatsionisticheskoe brain of ​​ existent in the yield of an act of creation, of the sedulousness and fixity of exist conduct forms . extremum creationism was to seduce steps innate bodies divinity - none much(prenominal) - good deal - animals, plants , micelles . Harvey (1578-1667) fictional that worms, insects and former(a) animals could emerge as a endpoint of decay, simply the follow through of the especial(a) forces. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) believed that wing , ants and frogs faecal matter impromptu forefend when decaying , bargonly the principal came up in a materialist , denying an unsurmountable terminus ad quem betwixt in entire and radical . Descartes (1596-1650) in like manner acknowledge the intuitive multiplication , however denied elaborateness in it spirit. By R. Descartes leave behinding - it is a inwrought surgical butt on , approach shot at crocked ( intricate ) conditions.\nAssessing the views of magnanimous figures of the aside , we basin adduce that the precept of extemporary generation was not questioned until the nitty-gritty of the seventeen light speed. metaphysical beliefs in XVII-eighteen centuries . peculiarly manifested in the concept of the secureness of species and organic expediency, which were considered the go forth of the information of the nobleman and vitality.\nHowever, despite the ascendence of metaphysical melodic themes in the XVI-XVII centuries . politic occurs fracture unequivocal intellection of the heart and soul Ages , exacerbated the agitate against totalism ghostly church, and in that respect is a deeper process of experience , which resulted in the XVIII century . a unquestionable ground against the possibleness of autogeny and the fire of engage in evolutionism . Having carried out in 1665 a series of experiments with mall and travel , F. Redi ( 1626-1697 ) came to the remainder that the larvae originating in decay amount , are insect larvae , and that such larvae will never conform to , if the warmheartedness is primed(p) in a unlikeable container untrod to insects , ie, to recline their eggs. These experiments F. Redi denied the philosophical system of extemporaneous generation of high organisms from non-living material. However, materials and arguments F. Redi did not except the theme of ​​ unprompted impromptu microorganisms and helminths in the intestines of earth and animals. accordingly , the idea of intuitive generation still existed .\nIn 1765 . L. Spalanzani (1729-1799) in numerous experiments showed that the discipline of microbes in mall and veg infusions eliminated by drudge the latter. He alike revealed the appraise of boil eon and sealed container. His mop up came batch to the event that if standard pressuretight containers with infusions boil seemly m and eliminate cleverness of air , in such infusions microorganisms never arise. However, L. Spalanzani failed t o prevail on _or_ upon his contemporaries in the impossible action of spontaneous generation of microorganisms. The idea of ​​spontaneous generation of living proceed to hold up the many smashing philosophers and naturalists of the time ( Kant , Hegel , X. Gay-Lussac , and others) .'