A Delocalized Electron Defined in Chemistry

A Delocalized Electron Defined in Chemistry A delocalized electron is an electron in an  atom, ion or molecule not associated with any single atom or a single covalent bond. In a ring structure, delocalized electrons are indicated by drawing a circle rather than single and double bonds. This means the electrons are equally likely to be anywhere along the chemical bond.Delocalized electrons contribute to the conductivity of the atom, ion, or molecule. Materials with many delocalized electrons tend to be highly conductive. Delocalized Electron Examples In a benzene molecule, for example, the electrical forces on the electrons are uniform across the molecule. The delocalization produces what is called a resonance structure. Delocalized electrons are also commonly seen in solid metals, where they form a sea of electrons that are free to move throughout the material. This is why metals are typically excellent electrical conductors. In the crystal structure of a diamond, the four outer electrons of each carbon atom participate in covalent bonding (are localized). Contrast this with bonding in graphite, another form of pure carbon. In graphite, only three of the four outer electrons are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has a delocalized electron that participates in chemical bonding  but is free to move throughout the plane of the molecule. While the electrons are delocalized, graphite is a planar shape, so the molecule conducts electricity along the plane, but not perpendicular to it.

The Company of Wolves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Company of Wolves - Essay Example While her mother mourns, she goes to spend some time with her grandmother (Angela Lansbury), who tells her stories and warns about wolves and men, intuitively and effortlessly drawing parallels between both species; After she returns to her parents, and while taking a walk in the woods with a friend, they find that a wolf has entered town to lay siege on their cattle. They run into town to alert the men, who hunt down the wolf and kill it. However, the carcass transforms into a human corpse. The rest of the story is reminiscent and full of the symbolisms from Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood. It also includes the usual suspects – huntsman, wolf, granny etc. But that is where the likeness ends – it does not end or even proceed as would be expected. Based on Carter’s short stories, which, according to Merja Makinen, are (in)famous for the â€Å"excessiveness of their violence and, latterly, the almost violent exuberance of their excess,† The Company of Wolves delivers on its promise of violence and morbid dispositions. It is also very vicious in its attack on and reversal of the damsel-in-distress tradition present not only in Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood, but in fairy tales, generally. For example, in one scene, where Rosaleen is cornered by a wolf, she has the courage to grab a rifle and shoot at it (as opposed to the helpless/hapless young girl crying for help). It is also ‘laden’ with sexual innuendo and symbolic portraits of female sexual liberation, which can be deduced in the scenewhere she gives up her bright red shawl (which is said to symbolise her virginity) of her own volition, not out of coercion. The wholesomeness of the plot, however, is brought to question by the director’s barely comfortable employment of the â€Å"Chinese Box† structure in the film. Throughout all four stories narrated in the movie, I was conscious of the separateness of the

Personality Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personality Disorders - Essay Example The paper reviews how chaotic lifestyles coupled with chronic life interruptions, frayed identities, and fractured support systems influence characteristics of individuals suffering from personality disorders. Not everyone finds it easy to relate with others according to the society’s expectations. In a manual by the American Psychiatric Association (2000), such manifested deviance is referred to as a personality disorder. An individual may find him or herself incapable of relating with others in conformity with accepted societal modes. Mental health disorders are categorized using a multidimensional approach envisaged in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders by assessing clinical syndromes, developmental and personality disorders, physical conditions, psychosocial sensors, and highest level of functioning. Psychology professionals often encounter various challenges in assigning accurate diagnoses of personality disorders due to the complexity of diagnosis. In the said case study, the patient does not recognize that he has a personality disorder. Judging from the age of his mother, he is a middle aged man who feels no need to associate with other human be ings and spends his time playing video games. As described by American Psychiatric Association (2000), the first axis offers descriptions of clinical symptoms that cause considerable consequences in the client’s behavior and personality. The disorders are categorized into disorders of adjustment, anxiety and pervasive development. The case study patient seems to be suffering from adjustment disorders with depressed moods. The patient, who is in his middle age, seems to suffer from the effects of his father refusing him playtime with his age mates when he was a boy. He recalls instances of his father chasing away his playmates and cites this as reason why he stays indoors playing

Discussion topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion topic - Assignment Example For example, z-test can be used in a research study that involves comparison diabetes prevalence between male and female adolescents in a certain city; this is because the population shall be very large. A t-test is a hypothesis in statistics whereby the test statistics follows a t- distribution and the null hypothesis is congruent. In essence, the t-test can be assumed to establish whether two sample sets of data is significantly different from one another, and it is usually applied where the statistics being tested would have a normal curve distribution and the scaling term well known. The t-test examines the t-statistics as well as the level of freedom to establish a p-value, which can be utilised to determine if there is a difference in the population means (Senn, 2008). The statistical significance in t-test indicates whether there is a difference between two sampled group and the mean mostly reflects the actual difference in the study population from which they were sampled. t-test can be  utilised  to establish  Ã‚  if the slope of regression line has got significant difference from zero and to test null hypothesis when the difference between two answers have a mean value of 0 when measured on similar statistical unit. For example suppose, we are assessing the size of the prostate gland with cancer prior and post radiation. If the radiation was effective, then the tumour should decrease in size for several patients post treatment. This is often termed as paired

The Pill Essay -- Birth Control Pregnancy Papers

Missing Works Cited "Should women alone bear the burden of contraception and its side effects  ­ including its failure  ­ while men enjoy the pleasures of sexual freedom and fatherhood? Must the word wait for the "perfect" male contraceptive to be created by researchers and manufacturers while women continue to experience actual and potential side effects? Can the world afford to wait while unwanted pregnancy and abortion abound in this country and populations continue to soar in developing lands? Might a less than perfect method be acceptable, in order to achieve better population stabilization?" - Diller et al. The above statement comes from an article in Fertility and Sterility written in 1977 appealing for greater funding for research in the field of male contraceptives. Due to the time in which it was written, and consequently, the research conducted up until then, the pill as a carcinogen had yet to be established. Instead, and coincidentally with the "sign of the times", the article took the high moral ground, extolling the importance of mutual responsibility between men and women towards reproductive behavior. However, the major dangers of the pill have extended beyond those of water retention, depression and/or loss of libido in 1977 to breast cancer risk in 2000. As a result of sufficient funding in breast cancer research this valuable information is now available to the general public. Similar information concerning equivalent male contraception and/or alternative female contraception and long term side effects might have been available, as well, had funding been allocated accordin gly some 50 years ago when the pill was invented by John Rock . Hopefully, with the advent of research in male contraceptives, men and w... ...much as simply to find a new contraceptive method, which subscribed to the teachings of the Catholic Church . This idea that a pill-induced regulation of the menstrual cycle is a necessary element in a woman’s life is falsely perpetuated time and again. There are exceptions, of course. "In obese women the failure to menstruate can signal an increased risk of uterine cancer and in female athletes, a failure to menstruate can signal an increased risk of osteoporosis". However, aside from that subset of women, younger women, especially, up the odds of developing breast cancer when they subject themselves to excessive hormones which 1. Are not necessitated in the least by any health condition and 2. Can be readily substituted with alternatives. Pregnancy is not a "disease", the pill is not a supplemental multi-vitamin and the dangers of the pill should not be belittled.

Chess: Nervous System and Turkish Tribes

Chess is an old game which had been played by enemies of commanders before war began in order to they prove their intelligent against his rival centuries ago. Although chess did not become widespread among Turkish tribes in the past because of some religious and traditional reasons, finally it gained its reputation in most of school nowadays. It is well known fact that Turkish tribes are famous with epic warriors in according to varied source of history books. Chess is also epic game, with the chessboard resembles a battlefield and two sets of pieces the two contending armies and the two rival players think in terms of attack, defense, capture, threats ambushes and tactics. The chess game is full of such activities which suggest a real and live combat. It is obvious that this game is more suitable Turkish customs than other nation cultures even if chess is invented by Indian people. A player of chess is required some qualifications like he can make a decisive move in very complex situation even if under the pressure. That’s why a person who plays chess activates the central nervous system and develops positive emotional reactions. It is very good training challenging task and develop mental health in another stages for a person who plays chess. Opponents of chess have claimed that some arguments to support their arguments. Firstly, chess is objected by some people who misunderstood the Turkish religious because of it does not suitable for Turkish religious. So religious group assert that playing chess is a sin and it is banned by the god because, it was invented by the Indian people and they do not know anything about Turkish religious. But there are a lot of inventions in the Turkish society taken from other nations. Besides, god suggests that If something is useful for human there is no sin using it in the Quran. Secondly opponents of chess claim that playing chess means that spending waste of leisure. They claim that instead of playing chess, leisure can be spent more effectively with another sports. In fact that there is not any other game hobby or diversion as philosophical, intellectual, effectively and thoughtful as chess. In a word, it seems no doubt that there are many valid reasons in support of playing chess. We can understand that a person who plays chess can take a lot of benefit. There cannot be better pursuit than playing chess in leisure time. It not only keeps you busy but also gives entertainment.

William Shakespeares King Lear Essay - 1571 Words

William Shakespeares King Lear The locations in Shakespeare’s King Lear fall into three categories: inside a court, out in nature, and in-between nature and civilization. Lear himself also wavers between three states: sanity, senility, and the fine line between the two. These states of consciousness relate directly to the scenes’ locations. However, Lear’s insanity is not the fault of his location in the world; for the most part, he has control over his situation. The series of events in correspondence with the location show that man must acknowledge the nature he originated from and live in the civilized world, but not abandon nature all together because too much control or chaos leads to despair. King Lear begins in†¦show more content†¦All is done for the sake of pride, or the Greek tragic flaw (hamartia), hubris. Those who harm others because of hubris, including Lear, Regan, Goneril, and Edmund, meet a tragic end. The complete opposite of this indoor world of prideful plotting and civilized overthrows is the chaotic wilderness on the heath, described in the Norton text’s notes as â€Å"bare, open country† (2513). Here madmen and fools stumble about in a wild tempest, without adequate shelter and eventually, in Lear and Poor Tom’s case, without clothes. Lear is literally stripped of all his kingly goods. He has no pride because he is debased by his banishment and wanderings in a storm and no power because he gives it up. He even loses his sense, and starts to go mad from old age and the trauma of his expulsion. He must rely on the Fool and madman to lead him around, with the help of Kent in disguise and eventually Gloucester. When he sees the naked Tom, he proclaims, â€Å"Is man no more/than this? Consider him well†¦thou art the thing itself;/unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked/animal such as thou art† (3.4.95-100). He says that a man without the bonds of civilization is nothing but an animal and rips off his own clothes, indicating that he tooShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares King Lear Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares King Lear In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, King Lear,the issue of sight on many levels is a recurring theme. Throughout the play Shakespeare shows that sight does not just come from the eyes. It is shown through the characters of Lear, Gloucester and how they compare to each other. Lear’s character is one that never learns what it means to see without ones eyes. Lear’s sight is hazed because of his lack of ability to see inside ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares King Lear Essays1856 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares King Lear A man more sinned against than sinning King Lear is one of Shakespeares more complex plays and within it many different themes are addressed and explored. 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